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Sustainable Application of a Novel Water Cycle Using Seawater for Toilet Flushing Article

Xiaoming Liu, Ji Dai, Di Wu, Feng Jiang, Guanghao Chen, Ho-Kwong Chui, Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht

Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 460-469 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.013

Abstract: For coastal urban areas, desalinated seawater could serve as a freshwater supply.However, since 20%–30% of the water supply is used for flushing waste from the city, seawater withpotential and environmental impacts of the urban water system (water-wastewater closed loop) adopting seawaterdesalination, seawater for toilet flushing (SWTF), or reclaimed water for toilet flushing (RWTF) arekm from the seashore (for the main pipe supplying seawater to the city) would benefit from applying SWTF

Keywords： Alternative water resources     Seawater toilet flushing     SANI     Urban water system     Life-cycle assessment    

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Technologies for pollutant removal and resource recovery from blackwater: a review

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 7, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1683-3

Abstract:

● Blackwater is the main source of organics and nutrients in domestic wastewater.

Keywords： Blackwater     Water-flushing toilet     Sanitation     Nutrient recovery     Water reuse     Sustainable development    

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Nonlinear sealing force of a seawater balance valve used in an 11000-meter manned submersible

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2023, Volume 18, Issue 1, doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0726-y

Abstract: Balance valve is a core component of the 11000-meter manned submersible “struggle,” and its sealing performance is crucial and challenging when the maximum pressure difference is 118 MPa. The increasing sealing force improves the sealing performance and increases the system’s energy consumption at the same time. A hybrid analytical–numerical–experimental (ANE) model is proposed to obtain the minimum sealing force, ensuring no leakage at the valve port and reducing energy consumption as much as possible. The effects of roundness error, environmental pressure, and materials on the minimum sealing force are considered in the ANE model. The basic form of minimum sealing force equations is established, and the remaining unknown coefficients of the equations are obtained by the finite element method (FEM). The accuracy of the equation is evaluated by comparing the independent FEM data to the equation data. Results of the comparison show good agreement, and the difference between the independent FEM data and equation data is within 3% when the environmental pressure is 0–118 MPa. Finally, the minimum sealing force equation is applied in a balance valve to be experimented using a deep-sea simulation device. The balance valve designed through the minimum sealing force equation is leak-free in the experiment. Thus, the minimum sealing force equation is suitable for the ultrahigh pressure balance valve and has guiding significance for evaluating the sealing performance of ultrahigh pressure balance valves.

Keywords： seawater balance valve     sealing performance     hybrid ANE model     FEM     minimum sealing force equation    

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Assessment of metals in dry-toilet collected matters from suburban areas of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, using

Xuan LIU,Zifu LI,Eric BOSC,Heinz-Peter MANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 5,   Pages 710-718 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0592-2

Abstract: Dry-toilet collected matter (DCM) from traditional dry-toilet pits are a potential health and ecological

Keywords： heavy metals     suburban areas     dry-toilet     risk assessment    

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Compressive behavior and microstructure of concrete mixed with natural seawater and sea sand

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6,   Pages 1347-1357 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0780-2

Abstract: Noncorrosive reinforcement materials facilitate producing structural concrete with seawater and sea sandThis study investigated the properties of seawater and sea sand concrete (SSC), considering the curingXRD patterns identified Friedel’s salt phase due to the chlorides brought by seawater and sea sand.

Keywords： seawater and sea sand concrete     compressive strength     strain field     microstructure     hydration products    

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Effect of seawater salinity on the synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash

Yanqing YU, Xiaoliang LI, Xiaolan ZOU, Xiaobin ZHU

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 54-61 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0493-4

Abstract: by hydrothermal activation after alkali fusion and coal fly ash (CFA) was used as raw material with seawaterSeawater salinity was varied from 32 to 88 for zeolite crystallization during the hydrothermal processThe results show that seawater salinity plays an important role in zeolite synthesis with CFA duringThe products were a mixture of NaX zeolite and hydroxysodalite; seawater salinity more strongly affectedThe proposed method allows for the efficient disposal of by-products; therefore, the application of seawater

Keywords： coal fly ash (CFA)     seawater salinity     zeolite synthesis    

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A “Seawater-in-Sludge” approach for capacitive biochar production via the alkaline and alkaline earth

Xiling Li, Tianwei Hao, Yuxin Tang, Guanghao Chen

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 1, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1295-0

Abstract: . • Seawater was proved to be an alternative activation agent. • Minerals vaporization increased theBenefited from our design, the catalytic effect of seawater increased not only the surface area but alsothe graphitization degree of biochar when comparing the pyrolysis of sewage sludge without seawater.This leads to seawater activated biochar electrodes with lower resistance, higher capacitance of 113.9F/g comparing with control groups without seawater.

Keywords： Sewage sludge     Biochar     Seawater     Recourse recovery     Capacitor    

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An overview and recent advances in electrocatalysts for direct seawater splitting

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6,   Pages 1408-1426 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2102-6

Abstract: In comparison to pure water, seawater is widely accepted as an unlimited resource.The direct seawater splitting is economical and eco-friendly, but the key challenges in seawater, especiallyThe development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts toward direct seawater splitting has emerged as aThis review first discusses the macroscopic understanding of direct seawater electrolysis and then focuseson the strategies for rational design of electrocatalysts toward direct seawater splitting.

Keywords： seawater splitting     electrocatalysts     oxygen evolution reaction     hydrogen evolution reaction     chlorine    

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strong>x nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient overall alkaline seawater

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 11,   Pages 1698-1706 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2334-8

Abstract: NiFeRuOx/NF displays high electrocatalytic activity and stability for overall alkaline seawater

Keywords： NiFeRuOx nanosheets     Ni foam     electrocatalysis     overall seawater splitting     solar-driven    

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Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawater

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

Frontiers in Energy 2015, Volume 9, Issue 3,   Pages 335-342 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0365-7

Abstract: conservation equation and Darcy’s law, a model of beach well infiltration intake system applied in a seawaterThe model consists of the seawater seepage and the heat transfer process.

Keywords： water pumping analysis     experimental validation     infiltration intake system     seawater source heat pump    

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Seawater Desalination Technology and Solar Energy Utilization

Zhang Yaoming,Zou Ningyu

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 11,   Pages 37-41

Abstract:

Seawater desalination provides a new approach to settle the water supply crisis,but a large amountEach of the several existing methods for seawater desalination has its own advantages and disadvantagescan be used as a good energy source, which is clean and brings no pollution to the environment, for seawater

Keywords： seawater desalination     solar energy     heliostat     energy source     water supply    

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Surface modification of mesoporous silica nanoparticle with 4-triethoxysilylaniline to enhance seawater

Jian Wang, Qun Wang, Xueli Gao, Xinxia Tian, Yangyang Wei, Zhen Cao, Chungang Guo, Huifeng Zhang, Zhun Ma, Yushan Zhang

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1185-5

Abstract: AMSN-based TFN-RO membranes were prepared for seawater desalination.

Keywords： Thin film nanocomposite membrane     Reverse osmosis     Seawater desalination     Aminophenyl-functionalized mesoporous    

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Fertilizer drawn forward osmosis as an alternative to 2nd pass seawater reverse osmosis: Estimation of

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 6, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1428-0

Abstract:

• The boron concentration in diluted DS can satisfy the irrigation water standard.

Keywords： Fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO)     Boron removal     Specific energy consumption (SEC)     Seawater reverse    

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Diverting Seawater to Scour the Estuary and to Regulate the Lower Yellow River

Lin Bingnan,Zhou Jianjun,Zhang Ren

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 25-33

Abstract:

The writers propose to divert seawater from Guanli Harbor on the coast of Laizhou Bay with transversalThis flow of “clear” seawater would strongly scour the channel downstream of Lijin and reduceWith the facility available for the injection of seawater at Lijin, however, in the region down stream

Turbid seawater being of greater specific weight than the clear seawater would form densityTaking all the factors into account, one may expect little delta extension when seawater is diverted

Keywords： diverting seawater     scouring     the Lower Yellow River     above-the-ground river     water resources    

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Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1616-1

Abstract:

● Present a general concept called “salinity exchange”.

Keywords： Desalination     Potable water reuse     Ion-exchange membrane     Salinity gradient energy     Wastewater discharge    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Sustainable Application of a Novel Water Cycle Using Seawater for Toilet Flushing

Xiaoming Liu, Ji Dai, Di Wu, Feng Jiang, Guanghao Chen, Ho-Kwong Chui, Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht

Journal Article

Technologies for pollutant removal and resource recovery from blackwater: a review

Journal Article

Nonlinear sealing force of a seawater balance valve used in an 11000-meter manned submersible

Journal Article

Assessment of metals in dry-toilet collected matters from suburban areas of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, using

Xuan LIU,Zifu LI,Eric BOSC,Heinz-Peter MANG

Journal Article

Compressive behavior and microstructure of concrete mixed with natural seawater and sea sand

Journal Article

Effect of seawater salinity on the synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash

Yanqing YU, Xiaoliang LI, Xiaolan ZOU, Xiaobin ZHU

Journal Article

A “Seawater-in-Sludge” approach for capacitive biochar production via the alkaline and alkaline earth

Xiling Li, Tianwei Hao, Yuxin Tang, Guanghao Chen

Journal Article

An overview and recent advances in electrocatalysts for direct seawater splitting

Journal Article

strong>x nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient overall alkaline seawater

Journal Article

Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawater

Huan ZHANG,Shu LIU,Xuejing ZHENG,Gaofeng CHEN

Journal Article

Seawater Desalination Technology and Solar Energy Utilization

Zhang Yaoming,Zou Ningyu

Journal Article

Surface modification of mesoporous silica nanoparticle with 4-triethoxysilylaniline to enhance seawater

Jian Wang, Qun Wang, Xueli Gao, Xinxia Tian, Yangyang Wei, Zhen Cao, Chungang Guo, Huifeng Zhang, Zhun Ma, Yushan Zhang

Journal Article

Fertilizer drawn forward osmosis as an alternative to 2nd pass seawater reverse osmosis: Estimation of

Journal Article

Diverting Seawater to Scour the Estuary and to Regulate the Lower Yellow River

Lin Bingnan,Zhou Jianjun,Zhang Ren

Journal Article

Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for

Journal Article